Design Project: Analog Single Tone Generator, Filter and Loudspeaker with LM324 and LM386

This project provides a design-based capstone experience for 1- or 2-credit courses in Associate of Science Electronics Engineering or Electronics Technology programs. Students work through a realistic electronics design challenge that emphasizes the full engineering workflow, including problem definition, circuit analysis and simulation, component selection, prototyping, testing, and performance evaluation.

The project is intentionally open-ended, encouraging students to apply foundational electronics concepts while developing practical skills in troubleshooting, measurement, documentation, and technical communication. Deliverables may include design calculations, simulation results, experimental data, and a final report or presentation.

The structure is modular and adaptable. The project can be used as a standalone capstone, broken into a sequence of guided laboratory exercises for a traditional electronics circuits course, or expanded into a more advanced course project with the addition of printed circuit board (PCB) design and fabrication. This flexibility makes the project suitable for a range of instructional formats and program goals.